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[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle title=”Notes on the Tang Dynasty (618 \u2013 907 AD)” open_toggle_text_color=”#333333″ closed_toggle_text_color=”#333333″ icon_color=”#971C21″ toggle_icon=”;||divi||400″ use_icon_font_size=”on” open_icon_color=”#971C21″ open_toggle_icon=”:||divi||400″ closed_toggle_text_color_tablet=”#333333″ closed_toggle_text_color_phone=”#333333″ closed_toggle_text_color_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#333333″ title_font=”|600|||||||” title_font_size=”18px” closed_title_font=”|600|||||||” background_color=”#E6D8C3″ custom_padding=”2%|2%|2%|2%|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”2%|2%|2%|2%|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”5%|5%|5%|5%|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover_enabled=”off|desktop”]<\/p>\n
After enormous construction projects (so the Great Wall and the construction of the large canal as a connection between the North and the South of China) and military campaigns had shaken the Sui-Dynasty (581 \u2013 618 AD), 618 a victorious general founded the Tang Dynasty. This was characterized by creative rulers, growing international trade by expansion of Silk- and Maritime Roads and the construction of two capitals on historical places: Chang\u2019an (Xi\u2019an) and Luoyang. Chang\u2019an became the most populous city in the world at that time, and it was a cosmopolitan city. In this early days of tolerance the Buddhism experienced great growth. (In the late Tang Dynasty foreign religions were forbidden.)\u00a0 Foreign features became very popular: music, fashion for dresses and hairstyle, sitting on chairs and stools instead of mats, and last but not least there was an enrichment in all areas of arts and crafts. [1]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Ceramics were given high priority. The development of new forms and methods of ceramic production took place in three periods: The first<\/em> produced since 618 AD until to the reign of Emperor Zhongzong 684 AD were jugs of different style. Sometimes they were with handles, flat bottoms and stilyzed drake-heads. Phoenix-heads were reminiscents of Sassanid water jugs. In a similar way pilgrim\u2019s bottles were sinizised by Chinese potters. Certainly, there were Sassanid influences to the Chinese culture on various fields.<\/span> Until today the hoard-find of Hejiacun (Shaanxi Province) is considered the most representative regarded its variety of everyday objects on precious metal<\/em> which were influenced from the excellent techniques of Sassanidan craftsmen. The production of bronze mirrors<\/em> experienced a new heyday. In painting<\/em> the Buddhist paradises enjoyed particular popularity. In terms of concept they are a reflection of Tang-period court life. [3]<\/a> <\/span>(HV)<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” width=”75%” max_width=”75%” min_height=”100px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=”off” posts_number=”50″ include_categories=”6″ show_categories=”off” zoom_icon_color=”#971C21″ hover_icon=”.||divi||400″ _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h4″ title_font=”Prata||||||||” title_text_color=”#141414″ title_line_height=”1.3em” caption_font=”Prata||||||||” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”2px|||||” custom_padding=”||||false|false” border_radii_image=”on|15px|15px|15px|15px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_portfolio][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_line_height=”1.1em” custom_padding=”||1px|||” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n ________________________<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n [1] <\/a><\/span>Kieser, Annette (2010): Die chinesische Kuns<\/em>t. Philipp Reclam jun. Verlag. Stuttgart. 132 – 135
From an artistic point of view, the second<\/em> period (684 \u2013 779 AD), was the most brilliant of the Tang Dynasty. Here appeared the preference for luxury at the imperial court. The objects created were sancai-ceramics, numerous figures of dancers, musicians, warriors or foreign people etc. The shapes of the vessels changed by using concave elements or handles, or producing even pumpkin-shaped containers.<\/span>
The third<\/em> period is considered from the reign of the Emperor Daizong until to the end of Tang Dynasty (763 \u2013 907 AD). Sancai-ceramics went out of fashion. In this period the distinctive colours yellow, white, black and seladon glazes were favoured. [2]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>[2]<\/a><\/span> Beurdeley, C\u00e9cile und Michel (1974): Chinesische Keramik. Ein Handbuch<\/em>. Hirmer Verlag M\u00fcnchen. 100
<\/span>[3]<\/span><\/a> Kieser, 141<\/span><\/p>\n